Prone extension can be explained by the “Superman” pose, or when the child is laying on their stomach with arms and head elevated upwards. This position is vital for the development of your child’s anti-gravity neck and trunk extension strengthening, body awareness, and developing vestibular system. Prone extension can usually be achieved after receiving “tummy time” as a child, which has been shown to influence several motor milestones, including rolling, crawling, and sitting.  This position can be utilized as a diagnostic tool for providers because children who have difficulty maintaining this position will likely present with other motor, balance, coordination, and sensory integration challenges.   

Strengthening: Prone extension, or prone on elbows, will challenge your child to hold their head and neck up against gravity, while utilizing trunk extension and shoulder girdle stability to maintain upright. This position assists with developing the postural muscles required to sit upright and maintain a neutral spine positioning, and while maintaining neck stability when pulling up to sit. Children with low tone or who have not developed these postural muscles will typically sit with forward flexed sitting posture and rounded shoulder positioning, which will affect the overall development of their spine. In addition, this may impact functional activities, including their ability to attend to academic activities, feeding, and seated play with peers. By holding their neck and trunk up against gravity, they are developing the strength required to reverse this forward flexed position, which will allow them to maximally participate in play and academic tasks, while promoting proper spine development.  

Sensory Integration: Prone extension is also beneficial for promoting development of your child’s sensory system. Prone extension will assist with developing your child’s vestibular system by developing tolerance and understanding of movement between different positions. Prone extension encourages oculomotor development, by extending their head and eyes upward to visually explore their environment. This position also allows for proprioception (the sense of touch) over the front side of their body, which will promote awareness of their body in space. While in prone, your child will also receive deep pressure input over their body surface touching the ground and joint compression through their shoulder girdle, which will also improve their sense of body awareness. Overall, developing skilled performance of motor activities results in the child’s ability to match neural connections to visual (sight), vestibular (motion), and somatosensory (touch) input. Developing connections between these body systems will maximize your child’s ability to skillfully motor plan and participate independently in activities of daily living.  

How do we target prone extension? 

Throughout our “Baby Animals” week, Blue Bird’s target prone extension in a variety of ways. Listed below are some suggestions of how you can promote prone extension at home.  

1. Laying on their tummy while playing with games, puzzles, and engaging in tactile play. 
2. Scooting on a scooter board while walking hands reciprocally or pulling a rope.
3. Army crawling through tunnels or over dynamic surfaces.  
4. Playing “Airplane” or “Superman” by lying in prone on therapist/parents’ legs and reaching forward.  
5. Swinging in prone on the platform swing.  
6. Laying on stomach on a stability ball while performing a dynamic reaching activity.  
7. Log rolling! Rolling will assist with transitioning in and out of prone extension, while utilizing global core musculature, trunk rotation, rolling mechanics, and proprioception. 

Resources

Magrun. Clinic’s View. Neural Systems Integration: Improving performance in children with learning disabilities.  

Kuo, Yu-Ling; Liao, Hua-Fang; Chen, Pau-Chung; Hsieh, Wu-Shiun; & Hwang, Ai-Wen. (2008). The Influence of Wakeful Prone Positioning on Motor Development During the Early Life. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics: 29 (5), 367-376. doi:10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181856d54